Create fluid layouts with HTML5 and CSS3. When I first started making websites at the end of the 1. More often than not, sectioning up screen real estate was done with percentages. For example, a left navigation column might be 2. There weren't the vast differences in browser viewports we see today, so these layouts scaled well across the limited range of viewports. Nobody much cared that sentences looked a little different on one screen compared to another. However, as CSS- based designs took over, it enabled web- based designs to more closely mimic print. With that transition, for many (including myself), proportionally based layouts dwindled for many years in favor of their rigid, pixel- based counterparts. But like all things, proportional designs have come back around. The Mini, permed hair (I wish!) and flared jeans have all made their comebacks over the years. Now, it's time for proportional layouts to make a re- appearance. If you're getting started with HTML5 you'll want to learn how to to develop a basic HTML5. HTML5 and CSS3 websites. Free CSS3 Templates to download. Free HTML5 Templates to download. FREE HTML5 and CSS3 Templates. Home; FREE CSS3 Templates; FREE HTML5 Templates; Website Design. As we are using HTML5 and CSS3 features we need several scripts to make the features visible in all browsers. 20 Best Free Websites to Learn Webdesign Coding. HTML5 and CSS3 have just arrived. July 2009 Description: Sample layout for HTML5 and CSS3 goodness. Responsive HTML5 and CSS3 site templates designed by @ajlkn. Live Demo Free Download (16,753) Stellar. Live Demo Free Download (24,126) Multiverse. This long list of examples of HTML5 and CSS3 websites can. New Examples of HTML5 and CSS3 Websites. These templates can be downloaded for absolutely free.Software: Text editor, browser. Project time: 1- 2 hours. Skills: Learn why proportional layouts are necessary for responsive design, convert pixel- based element widths to proportional percentages, convert pixel- based typography sizes to their em- based equivalent, understand how to find the context for any element. Support file. 01. How to Code a Clean Website Template in HTML5 & CSS3. And there you have it! I've created an ecommerce template in HTML5 and implemented quite a few CSS3 animations. Websites; Mobile Portfolio. Free ecommerce template using. Download Free Responsive HTML5 CSS3 Website Templates provided by w3layouts it's free to download and start website. Download Free Responsive HTML5 CSS3. Fixed layouts aren't future- proof. As I mentioned, since the 'table layout' days, I've had little call to use proportional layouts. Typically, I've been asked to code HTML and CSS that best matches a design composite that almost always measures 9. If the layout was ever built with a proportional width (say, 9. Web pages with fixed, pixel- based dimensions were the easiest way to match the fixed, pixel- based dimensions of the composite. Even in more recent times, when using media queries to produce a tweaked version of a layout specific to a certain popular device such as an i. Pad or i. Phone, the dimensions could still be pixel- based, as the viewport was known. However, while developers might enjoy the possibility of re- charging a client each time they need a site tweaked for today's newest gizmo, it's not exactly a future- proof way of building web pages. As more and more varied viewports are being introduced, we need some way of provisioning for the unknown. Why proportional layouts are essential for responsive designs. Whilst media queries are powerful, we are now aware of some limitations. Any fixed- width design, using only media queries to adapt for different viewports, will merely 'snap' from one set of CSS media query rules to the next with no linear progression between the two. Instead, we want to create a design that flexes and looks good on all viewports, not just particular ones specified in a media query. I'll cut to the chase: we need to switch our fixed, pixel- based layouts to fluid, proportional ones. This will enable elements to scale relative to the viewport until one media query or another modifies the styling. Proportional layouts and media queries. Ethan Marcotte wrote the definitive article on Responsive Web Design at A List Apart. Whilst the tools he used (fluid layout and images, and media queries) were not new, the application and embodiment of the ideas into a single coherent methodology was. For many working in web design, his article was the genesis of new possibilities – new ways to create web pages that offered the best of both worlds: a way to have a fluid flexible design based on a proportional layout, whilst being able to limit how far elements could flex with media queries. Putting them together forms the core of a responsive design, creating something truly greater than the sum of its parts. Amending a design from a fixed to a proportional layout. For the foreseeable future, any design composite you receive or create is likely to have fixed dimensions. Currently we measure (in pixels) the element sizes, margins, and so on within the graphics files from Photoshop, Fireworks, and so on. We then punch these dimensions directly into our CSS. The same goes for text sizes. We click on a text element in our image editor of choice, note the font size, and then enter the value (again, often measured in pixels) into the relevant CSS rule. So how do we convert our fixed dimensions into proportional ones? A formula to remember. It's possible I'm coming off as too much of an Ethan Marcotte fanboy, but at this point it's essential that I provide another large tip of the hat (it should probably be a bow, maybe even a kneel) to him. In Dan Cederholm's excellent book, Handcrafted CSS, Mr. Marcotte contributed a chapter covering fluid grids. In it, he provided a simple and consistent formula for converting fixed width pixels into proportional percentages: target ? Fear not, when creating a responsive design, this formula soon becomes your new best friend. Rather than talk any more theory, let's put it to work converting the fixed- dimension design for the fictional movie website And The Winner Isn't.. Embracing Fluid Layouts. At the minute, the basic markup structure of the site looks like this: < div id=. I've omitted many of the styling rules so we can concentrate on structure: #wrapper . Let's work from the outermost element and change them to proportional percentages using the target . You can see by the CSS above that it's set with automatic margin and a width of 9. As the outermost div, how do we define what percentage of the viewport width it should be? Setting a context for proportional elements. We need something to 'hold' and become the context for all the proportional elements (content, sidebar, footer, and so on) we intend to contain within our design. We therefore need to set a proportional value for the width that the #wrapper should be in relation to the viewport size. For now, let's knock off a nought and roll with 9. Here's the amended rule for #wrapper: #wrapper ! Changing from fixed to proportional gets a little more complicated as we move inwards. Let's look at the header section first. Consider the formula again: target . Our #header div (the target) sits within the #wrapper div (the context). Therefore, we take our #header (the target) width of 9. We can turn this into a percentage by moving the decimal place two digits to the right and we now have a percentage width for the header of 9. Let's add that to our CSS: #header . As the context is still the same (9. Our #content is currently 6. Move the decimal place and we have a result of 7. Our sidebar is currently 2. I don't want the thickness of the right- hand border to expand or contract, so that will stay at 2 px. Because of that, I need to subtract its thickness from the width of the sidebar, then perform the same calculation. Divide the target (now 2. Shift the decimal and we have a result of 2. After amending all the pixel widths to percentages, the relevant CSS looks like this: #wrapper . Can't we just round the numbers? Let's take some time out from the layout to consider the issue of decimal precision. Some critics of responsive design techniques (for example, see this article by James Pearce) argue that entering numbers such as . You may wonder yourself why they aren't simply rounded to something more sensible. The counter- argument is that unrounded values are a more accurate answer to the question being asked. Providing a browser with the most accurate answer should make it more able to display that answer in the most accurate manner. As a related aside, if you stayed awake through more than a couple math classes, you will have heard of the Golden Ratio. The mathematical ratio, used in almost every discipline, is expressed as approximately 1: 1. Not a neat number by any means, but quite an important one. If the Golden Ratio can suffer such precise measurements, I'm inclined to believe our web designs can too. Right, back to our fluid layout. Converting the other layout elements. Now, let's go ahead and replace all the 1. As all the 1. 0 px widths have the same 9. However, the navigation area isn't behaving. If I bring the viewport size in just a little, the links start to span two lines: Notice the problem with the site navigation? Furthermore, if I expand my viewport, the margin between the links doesn't increase proportionally. Let's take a look at the CSS associated with the navigation and try and figure out why: #navigation . Let's go ahead and fix that with our trusty formula. As the #navigation div is based on 9. So we'll amend the code as follows: #navigation ul li a ! Let's just check all is okay in the browser.. The result of our change to the link layout: fixing one problem has created another. Oh wait: that isn't exactly what we were gunning for. Okay, the links aren't spanning two lines but we don't have the correct proportional margin value, clearly. The navigation links look like one big word, and not one I can find in my dictionary.. Always remember the context. Considering our formula again (target . Our problem here is the context. Here's the relevant markup: < div id=. They are the context for our proportional margin. Looking at the CSS for the < li> tags, we can see there are no width values set: #navigation ul li . We could add an explicit width to the < li> tags, but that would either have to be fixed- width pixels or a percentage of the containing element (the navigation div) – neither of which allows any flexibility for the text that ultimately sits within them. We could instead amend the CSS for the < li> tags, changing inline- block to inline: #navigation ul li . However, I'm a fan of inline- block as it gives greater control over the margins and padding for modern browsers, so instead I'm going to leave the < li> tags as inline- blocks (and perhaps add an override style for IE 6 and IE 7 later) and instead move my percentage- based margin rule from the < a> tag (which has no explicit context) to the containing < li> block instead. Here's what the amended rules now look like: #navigation ul li .
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |